Impact of Technology on Organizational Development Essay

Introduction Technology has left its magical touch everywhere. Business organizations are not out of that magical touch. Organization development and technology are very closely related. Every organization leverages technology to support their overall strategy. Different organizations are using technology to a various extent. By using technology, organizations have become more efficient than organizations before them. Technology allows the organization to achieve their goals. Technological developments enable productivity allowing reorganization of organizational structure, activities and culture. In return, it greatly improves the effectiveness of the organization. However, for this to last and stay a reality, the use of technology should be leveraged at its fullest extent to maximize results. Indeed, the rise in productivity could be a result of organizations having the ability to grasp, appreciate and absorb current technological advances into their structure, creation and culture. Efficient business processes enable business ventures to save money and time. To hold market share, organizations also try to incorporate the latest technologies as much as possible. Organizations should continue to strive to use modern systems that are concurrent with the latest technological advancement. Therefore, regulating modern systems confirms that organizations consistently use up-to-date technological systems to improve business procedures, as well as ensures that those systems and procedures are consistent within the entire organization. If productivity increases, it will be a result of an increase in the efficiency of the business process and decrease in expense which is the indication of an increase in overall income. The scope of technology that a corporation can adopt is immense; starting from buying a personal laptop with an application program, to investment within the latest progressive computer-aided production machinery. No matter the quality of the system or the dimensions of the organization, one factor is for certain – the incorporation of technology or information systems can result in change. Implementation of technological systems will act as a catalyst for change. Literature review Technological use has been widely recognized now. It is very important for an organization’s survival and growth. Among the use of different types of  technology it has been seen that the use of Information Technology (IT) is more frequent. According to Crichton & Edgar (1995), in dealing with the market complexity IT helps an organization to a great extent (Farhanghi, Abbaspour & Ghassemi, 2013). For instance, it has become difficult to run a business in the hotel industry without the help of IT. In the past, the check-in process at a hotel was manual, but now the check-in is performed with the use of software programs. The use of software has made the check-in process easy and time efficient. To evaluate the performance of the employees, hotel businesses are using different software programs such as Small Improvements, TribeHr or HRM Direcct With the help of IT, organizations are able to offer better product offering. Many organizations offer customized products or services to their customers and it is possible only because of technology. Customization in the banking sector can be the best example of customized service offerings. Citibank improved its Internet site in 2002 to provide easy navigation and access for customers, which is the adoption of latest technology in their organization (Mininni, n.d.). This adoption allows the customers of Citibank to set up a customized home page catered to their individual needs and preferences. On the home page, customers can keep the content in a layout that work in the best way for them. Technology plays a vital role in shaping organizational structure. Whisler (1970) argued that increasing vertical information results in centralization of information, and IT impacts the structure of the organization (Farhanghi, Abbaspour & Ghassemi, 2013). According to Church & Waclawski (1998, 2001), people are now in the era of information (Church, Gilbert, Oliver, Paqu et & Surface, 2002). For instance, if an individual wants some information about a specific hotel, he can use a laptop to find information about the hotel. He can reserve a room through online reservation. Hronec (1993), illustrated the role of information as â€Å"vital signs† to drive and evaluate initiatives related to organizational development (OD) and human resource development (HRD) which are more significant now than before (Church, Gilbert, Oliver, Paquet & Surface, 2002). For instance, most organizations are using performance appraisal software such as Trackstar Performance Appraisal, Wingspan, or Empxtrack for the performance appraisal of their employees. Most businesses are now operating either with computers or communication devices. These devices allow the organization to organize information such as data base, personal schedule and so on (McGrath, 2008). In the view of Waclawski & Church (2002), technology has showed a different way to look at OD as a truly data-driven process (Church, Gilbert, Oliver, Paquet & Surface, 2002). Consistent with the view of Tippins (2002), to achieve the advancement in the field of OD, technology has brought more opportunities (Church, Gilbert, Oliver, Paquet & Surface, 2002). Impacts of Technology on Organizational Development Technology has various impacts, both positive and negative, on the development of the organization. Technology definitely has its place among the key parts that form a corporation. The formal structure or arrangements inside a corporation may be plagued by the arrival of recent technology; this does not need to be the case in every circumstances. A change may also occur when businesses change the way they operate. One futurist plan whose views are being validated is that the notion of the virtual geographical point (Kerman, 1995). The basic idea of this concept is that employees are able to work independently and will have accesses to information. The concept of not having a group workplace area definitely would be a modification from the standard routine of being physically present at the workplace from nine to five (ideally) and working. Such a concept would clearly be obsessed on the duty to be accomplished. In the case of virtual work spaces, employees have the autonomy of doing their assigned jobs. Tasks would be more focused, target oriented and the performance evaluation would not be on the basis of face to face interactions rather on the basis of how employees are performing their appointed tasks. Computer networks permit people to react quickly, share ideas, and transfer information regardless of physical locations. This is how technology allows supervisors to monitor the activities of their subordinates without requiring subordinates reporting them physically. Technology provides additional profit to organization, though it has some cost as well. However, in terms of return, it brings more than the cost to the organization. For instance, if a restaurant creates a website and start taking orders online, it would have some costs associated with creation of the website; however the restaurant will be able to tak e more orders than before creating the website. Technology helps to accumulate  ability and reduces duplication of resource. It also enhances career developments and eases the communication among employees of an organization. For example, many organizations use information systems within the organization to allow employees to communicate with leadership and subordinates. Information systems enable easier communication between employees. Technology provides structure making work easier. It increases the safety of recognized sources and interdependencies, allows diversification, and increases accountability between departmental managers. Technology can change the total operating model. For a quality work life, it is important to have a technological advanced setting which supports reduce absences, turnover, and accidents, through the use of prime quality digital computer (Hackman, 1977). Additionally, technology improves company’s sales and services. It improves division work by permitting staff to use personal electronic d evices to make sales displays, transmit orders and client information to the house from workplace. These electronic devices shorten the interval corporations spend receiving and delivering product or services, which can be a competitive advantage for the organization. Corporations can also send sales representatives to multiple markets at a shortest possible time, permitting them to penetrate multiple markets with negligible costs. Each business must use technology to achieve competitive advantage. In today’s environment, time and competence are essential factors in business growth. To survive in business, people should take advantages of technologies. Technology has changed the life of people; it has brought revolutionary changes in each operational sector. Through technological advancement, corporations are able to increase productivity, reduce costs, minimize time, etc. Technological advancement is equally necessary to OD practitioners. OD practitioners can use technology to gather knowledge, analyze actual state of affairs, and provide outcomes. The use of technology within the organization will bring the best result when employees of the organization are connected to the technology. Technological advancement increases competition, fosters rapid growth, and mitigates environmental changes imposing on the organization to reorganize themselves (Cummings & Worley, 2009). Technology dictates the pace of economic process within the space of information and communication technology (ICT) as this is often the main driver of processes. In the 21st century, developing countries are  concentrating on adopting technology as much as possible within organizations. Developing countries are viewing the application of technology in organizations as an economic development. Many organizations from developed countries are doing outsourcing from the developing countries [provide an example here]. These outsourcings are playing a vital role in the economic development of developing countries. Technology has changed the life of people; it has brought revolutionary changes in each operational sector. Through technological advancement, corporations are able to increase productivity, reduce costs, minimize time, etc. Technological advancement is equally necessary to OD practitioners. OD practitioners can use technology to gather knowledge, analyze actual state of affairs, and provide outcomes. The use of technology within the organization will bring the best result when employees of the organization are connected to the technology. Technological advancement increases competition, fosters rapid growth, and mitigates environmental changes imposing on the organization to reorganize themselves (Cummings & Worley, 2009). Technology dictates the pace of economic process within the space of information and communication technology (ICT) as this is often the main driver of processes. In the 21st century, developing countries are concentrating on adopting technology as much as possible within organizations. Developing countries are viewing the application of technology in organizations as an economic development. Many organizations from developed countries are doing outsourcing from the developing countries. These outsourcings are playing a vital role in the economic development of developing countries. Technology helps organizations achieve goals. However, technologies have some blockade. First, technologies are expensive. Second, individuals have to be capable to use advanced technical instruments. Individuals cannot work effectively until there is a free flow of sound data and technology. Proper work results in an increase in profit for the organization. Organizations typically pay a lot for the installation and maintenance of their own technology. Organizations want to keep information secret and safe about their technology. Output will be higher when employees have sound knowledge about the technology within their organization. Organizations have to take initiatives to teach their employees about technology. Once individuals have sound knowledge about technology then they have to know how to apply the application of their  earned knowledge. It is the responsibility of the OD practitioner to find out when individuals need training. OD practitioners try to reduce barriers and increase gains.. Organizations need to provide training about performance, competitions, elaborate program design, and many more. With proper training, employees will be able to make the best use of technology. Thus the organization will be able to achieve the goals. Conclusion In the end it can be said that the installation of a technology in the organization will not be enough to achieve organizational goals. The overall success depends on some other factors as well. Installation of a technology is only the beginning. Organizations have to provide proper training to employees to achieve the maximum advantage from the installation of the technology. Organizations have to have a close look on the performance of the organization as well. OD practitioners play a vital role to get the best result from the use of technology. When a change comes to the organization there will always be some resistant. Some employees may not accept the change. OD practitioners have to deal with these issues. They have to create the readiness for change and overcome the resistance. It is the responsibility of OD practitioners to ensure consistent training for all employees. If training is not consistent among the members of a same group then there could be a probability of conflic t among the group members. OD practitioners have to pay close attention to these issues as well. A combination of effort from all employees within the organization is needed to have the best result from the use of technology. To survive in the present competitive business world technological knowledge is must for any organization.

American vs. Chinese Culture

Psychological anthropology is the study of individuals and their personalities and identities, within particular cultural contexts (Miller, 2007). Although American and Chinese people are raised in different cultures, their cultures are somewhat similar. Even though individuals are raised thousands of miles apart, is it possible to possess some of the same personality traits? In the American culture, baby showers are held to celebrate the impending birth of a baby. Family and friends bring many necessities needed for the new baby, such as, clothes, money, bottles, stroller, car seat, and or diapers. Once the baby is born it is the American culture to separate babies by gender. It is customary for boys to be dressed in blue and girls to be dressed in pink. As they grow, boys are encouraged to play with trucks, action figures and guns to promote strength and power. Whereas, girls are encouraged to play with dolls, cook with toy stoves, and play house to promote nurturing. As the child grows into adolescence, this is reinforced in the chores delegated to them. Boys are expected to cut the grass, take out the trash, and help out with any other â€Å"handyman† jobs. Girls are expected to wash dishes, do the laundry, sweep and mop floors. Hence, the stereotyping begins. This stereotyping is evident in adulthood. Men are labeled as providers, protectors, and head of the household. Men are expected to work to support their families. Men are often pressured to assert their masculinity and strength within there jobs and at home. Today, men are beginning to take on more responsibilities within the home. Women are labeled as mothers, housekeepers, and nursemaids, to name a few. Many years ago, women were not respected in the workforce. Their job selection was very slim, mainly secretaries. However, during World War II women took the place of men in the workforce showing they could perform the jobs just as well as the men. Today, women are highly accepted in the workforce and hold high powered positions within companies and even own their own businesses. Once men and women reach their senior years, they have achieved their social status. They are afforded the opportunity to retire from the workforce. In doing so, they are able to travel or just enjoy life at their leisure. They no longer have to pay taxes and receive their social security benefits as their compensation for working. Unlike the American culture where there is no animosity over the gender of babies, Chinese culture is different. Boys are considered treasured, so much so that years ago infant girls were killed. In doing this China has created an imbalance in the male to female ratio. In the Chinese culture, a baby’s birth is not celebrated until the infant is one month old. The family holds a â€Å"red egg and ginger† party. This is the time when the parents introduce their baby to friends and family, who bring gifts for the baby: boys receive â€Å"lucky† money and girls receive expensive jewelry. Parents present each guest with a dyed red egg to symbolize happiness and the renewal of life. Traditionally, gender roles in China are similar to the ones in the United States. The man goes to work, the woman is a housewife. This is changing, especially with the ‘one child policy’ in China. Women are not needed at home as much to take care of children since families are only allowed to have one child. In some cases, a family is allowed to have two children. For example, if the first born is a daughter, they may be permitted to have another child. There is a lot less social distance among Chinese people compared to Americans. It is a collectivist culture – people depend on each other and take care of each other. Chinese people spend a lot less time alone than Americans do. One example of this is the family unit is very close in Chinese culture. It is very common for three or more generations to live together because a lot of people still live with their parents when they have established their own families. Chinese people are more reserved when it comes to physical contact or showing public display of affection, especially in romantic relationships. Chinese people initiate physical contact very gradually compared to Americans. Premarital sex is a lot less common in China than in the United States. Both cultures show traits of openness by allowing individuals to explore their curiosity of the world and show their emotions. They also allow for individuals to be conscientious of their actions, to be self-disciplined, and to be cooperative towards others. Although two cultures are different it is possible for individuals to share the same traits. ? REFERENCES Chinese Culture. (n. d. ). Retrieved February 3, 2010, from English in Taiwan. com: http://www. englishintaiwan. com/foreigners/chinese_culture. php Gender: Gender Roles and Stereotypes. (2010). Retrieved February 3, 2010, from Marriage and Family Encyclopedia: http://family. jrank. org/pages/686/Gender-Gender-Roles- Stereotypes. tml Miller, B. D. (2007). Cultural Anthropology. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Olsen, A. (2009, April 10). China's Population Laws Threaten Baby Girls, Favor Boys. Retrieved February 3, 2010, from The Huffington Post: http://www. huffingtonpost. com/2009/04/10/chinas-population-laws-th_n_185626. html Therese Hesketh, P. , Li Lu, M. , & and Zhu Wei Xing, M. (2005, September 15). The Effect of China's One-Child Family Policy after 25 Years. Retrieved February 4, 2010, from The New England Journal of Medicine: http://content. nejm. org/cgi/content/full/353/11/1171

Management Information Systems Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management Information Systems - Coursework Example Laudon and Laudon (2007) also placed emphasis on the importance of information technology in ensuring business survival. The speed with which businesses have to respond to customers requests makes this a very important point. Information is the lifeblood of an organisation and without information important decisions that determine the continuation of the business cannot be made. The major types of information systems that exist at a company that I am familiar with are inventory management, sales and accounting. These information systems are required in order for management to obtain information on a timely basis so that the right decisions can be made. The major types of problems that these information systems have helped to resolve in an organisation that I am familiar with include: i. The provision of inventory information in real time; ii. The provision of sales information; iii. The provision of timely accounting information. Inventory information is important in the prevention o f under-stocking and over-stocking of items. Stock-outs result in loss sales which eventually go to competitors. Additionally, holding too much of a particular item means that warehouse space is used to hold items that are not moving as fast as expected. The cost of holding stock can be very high especially for inventory items that are moving slowly. Furthermore, items that are moving slow takes up space that other fast moving and profitable stock items could do well with. An inventory management information system helps businesses to manage inventory effectively. Information relating to sales is important for management in service, production and retail businesses to determine if sales targets are being met. In the case of an organisation that provides services it helps management to determine which service area is generating the most revenue and which area is generating the least revenue. In the case of production and retail organisations it provides information on which products are doing well and which ones are doing poorly. Additionally, they will also be able to determine which geographic region they are performing best and worst in. It allows management to make decisions that are well informed and allow them to channel more resources if necessary towards the areas that are performing well and make corrective actions in other areas. Management require accounting information in order to determine which expenses have almost reached or have surpassed the budget. Information on receivables from customers and the amounts payable to suppliers can also be obtained. They also need to know the amount of profit that the business is making on a monthly, quarterly or yearly basis. It therefore means that an accounting system that is linked to other areas of the business becomes critical. When a sale is made and when a purchase takes place the information goes straight to the accounting system and updates the records of customers and suppliers. This allows informatio n to be readily available on critical areas of the business. Therefore, management is able to take the necessary information to achieve the level of profit required. If targets are not attained in a particular month management can then focus on putting the necessary controls in place. Part 2 In order for businesses to compete effectively they need information from within the organisation as well as from outside. This information has to be available quickly in order to enable management to make the right decisions. Therefore, the need exists for

Growth of Bacteria in Solutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Growth of Bacteria in Solutions - Essay Example According to Levinson (2015), the scientific findings imply that the growth of both Staphylococcus epidermises and Saccharomyces cerevisiae is favored by low concentrations of NaCl. At 1% NaCl, moderate and high growth rates were observed for Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Staphylococcus epidermises respectively. Therefore, it means that even at hypotonic solutions, the growth rate of Staphylococcus epidermises faster than that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. A similarity in growth behavior of the two bacteria was noted in 1% NaCl whereby both solutions turned cloudy. As the concentration of NaCl continued to increase, the growth of both bacteria decreased. According to Queck and Otto (2014), the growth of Staphylococcus epidermis can be experienced in NaCl concentrations of up to 10% but no growth can be experienced in 15% NaCl. On the hand, Saccharomyces cerevisiae showed scant growth in 15% NaCl. Scientific findings on the ability of bacteria to grow in solutions of different concentrations provide facts about the growth of Staphylococcus epidermis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in 1%, 7% and 15% NaCl.It was noted that growth of the two bacteria decreased as the NaCl concentration increased.These findings support the argument that both Staphylococcus epidermis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae thrive in low concentrations of NaCl. The study showed that it was only Saccharomyces cerevisiae able to survive in 15% NaCl while the growth of Staphylococcus epidermis was limited to 10% NaCl.

Analysis of the Financial Position of the Company Essay

Analysis of the Financial Position of the Company - Essay Example In line with the positive changes in Company D’s income and expense levels during Year 8, its Income Before Tax Return on Equity has increased from 27.20% in Year 7 to 30.79% in Year 8. This rate of return identifies Company D as one that delivers a much higher rate of returns as compared to the other companies in the industry, which have accordingly generated the return on equity rates of 8.1%, 17.2%, and 29.7%. This capacity of the company to earn more than the average member of its industry constitutes a valuable strength. The same is true with the company’s Gross Margin Ratio and Income Before Tax Margin Ratio which, at 31.09% and 10.08%, respectively, turned out to be higher than their Year 2007 counterparts. In consonance with the company’s relatively high Return on Equity when compared with those of the others in the industry, its Gross Margin Ratio – an indication of what the company's pricing policy is and of what the true markup margins are – turns out to be higher than the 27.3% industry average and its Income Before Tax Margin Ratio, which reveals the profit generated by the company using the money invested by its shareholders, is a lot higher than the 3.4%, the industry’s average. Based on the foregoing, it can be concluded that Company D is among the best performers in its industry in terms of profitability. Meanwhile, the company’s comparative balance sheets for Years 8 and 7 showed that its current assets increased during Year 8 only by 15.01% while its current liabilities increased by 24.55%.

No Sweat Global Commodity Chains and Labor Rights Essay

No Sweat Global Commodity Chains and Labor Rights - Essay Example According to the recent evident, almost 25 percent of total population of the developing countries are engaged in the paid labor live in several households (Seidman, 2007). These people generally survive on equivalent to 1 US dollar per day, per person. Day-by-day, the estimation of the poor working population is increasing significantly. This essay will take a close look at various debates global commodity chains and labor rights. Discussion Labor standard is the estimated, computed and several values, such as operations per hour, assembly time, and output per unit implemented in the evaluating or forecasting labor performance. The relationship between the system of labor standard and globalized production is effectively understood within the global commodity chain concept. The global commodity chain is referred to the way in which manufacturing, sales and distribution of goods is controlled and organized across the national borders. The labor intensive manufacturing of several cons umer goods is generally characterized by the particular buyer-driven commodity chains. In these commodity chains the brand-name corporations and large retailers develop a decentralize systems of manufacturing and distribution of such goods. However, the market power significantly differs among the various players across the chain. The real production is generally subcontracted out to several small organizations that generally usually face intense market competitive conditions. Therefore, the subcontractors cannot comfortably raise the output price without risking business loss. On the other hand, brand name multinationals and retailers enjoy some significant market power degree that they can adopt to keep low prices for the products they buy or earn rents through the monopolistic brand identity development. The large retailers and brand-name manufacturers could implement their market power to improve labor standards at the production level by compensating the subcontractors to incre ase the cost. There are several limitations of the global labor standards. In spite of the implementation strategy, the limitations of several schemes along with the aspects to promote global labor standards can be recognized explicitly. Only a subset of the workforce of the world could receive any benefit if the standards were aimed to the workers who manufacture goods for export. Labors generally produce non traded services and goods cannot directly affected by several interventions such as a social cause or a standardize code of conduct. In addition to this, adoption of the expansionary macroeconomic policy can referred to be an effective strategy to improve the well being of the labors. It will help to secure the egalitarian outcome comparing to the targeted labor standards’ enforcement. Labor standards are not the appropriate policies for the well being of the workers during the period of low global economic growth rate. The concept of global labor standard is irrelevant within the context of global economic downturn and global business expansion of several firms. The government of the developing countries needs to be cautioned before developing an expansionary macroeconomic policy. It is true that, macroeconomic policies can effectively contribute to the fair improvements in the work condition. But these cannot be sufficient to address the widespread corrosion of the potential employment opportunity that has been

Managing in a Strategic Business Context - Consultancy Report Essay

Managing in a Strategic Business Context - Consultancy Report - Essay Example (Katherine, 2002) When Mersey Trust intends on making severe changes in its provision, structure and any other aspects, it needs to consider the community; these are the main beneficiaries of decisions made by the trust. The NHS Trust under study has to put in mind that the number of patients is increasing and more needs to be done to reduce waiting times and quality of health care provided to these increasing numbers. They need to ensure that patients have been adequately catered for. (Katherine, 2002) Staff members need to be incorporated in any changes that the Trust intends on undertaking. It should be aware that changes in staff payments or employee conditions are to be kept at minimum in order to reduce friction and possible confrontations that have been seen in the past from similar NHS trusts. The Trust has to face conflicting roles. It has to fulfil its humanitarian aspect of helping out those who need assistance in terms of health care. In addition, it also has to deal with the fact that it still has to consider market forces during its commissioning activities. This can prove to be a rather daunting task. (Legge, 2004) The Trust has to include technological advancements in its administration. Technological advancement should also be incorporated in the organisation’s information system so that accountability and good governance are promoted. Mersey Care has to deal with the increased competition among providers that has arisen after a number of independent health Care service providers have been given the mandate to provide their services to patients. Also, there have been some treatment and diagnostic centres that have been commissioned. This means that the Trust needs to focus highly on commissioning activities. (Black, 2003) There are a number of partners that are involved in health care provision. These need to be incorporate into the management of the Trust. Policies within the

Digital Millenium Copyright Act Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Digital Millenium Copyright Act - Research Paper Example Additionally, DMCA created fines for people violating the Act that include up to $25,000 per download in civil court and up to $500,000 or up to five years in jail in criminal court (â€Å"Public†). Two of the biggest supporters of the DMCA were the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) and the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) – both groups that represent in the MPAA’s case film production companies and in the case of the RIAA, record companies. Both see illegal downloading, which is also called piracy, as a huge threat to their industries. The RIAA claims that in in 2009, 63 percent of all music possessed by Americans was illegally downloaded or otherwise â€Å"shared† at a profit loss to the music industry of up to $20 billion a year. (â€Å"Scope†) The MPAA says their levels of piracy are not yet that enormous, but in 2010 gave the example of the film The Curious Case of Benjamin Button, which they claim was legally downloa ded 50,000 versus 1.1 million illegal downloads. (Zima 1) It’s important to note that the DMCA went into effect in 1998 to stop illegal downloading and yet, according to the RIAA and the MPAA, the situation is only getting worse. Napster, a peer-to-peer (P2P) downloading site that a RIAA member once called â€Å"the single most insidious website I’ve ever seen,† (â€Å"Recording†) didn’t start operations until several months after the DMCA was signed into law. So does the DMCA have any effect on piracy? Is this now nearly 13 year-old law still relevant to new technology? First, understand ­Ã‚ ­ that the DMCA didn’t outright ban all downloading of copyrighted material off the Internet. What it did was outlaw the use of technology to get around the anti-piracy technology that copyright holders added to digital technology. For example, the DMCA made illegal the creation and dissemination of software designed to override the anti-copy protecti on on a newly purchased CD, allowing that CD to be converted into MP3 or MP4 format – which then can be easily shared on-line or burned onto a blank CD. It did not specifically make it illegal to use a P2P downloading service to download pirated music or movies, but it did make it illegal to create and host a P2P downloading service where copyright protected digital material was knowingly made available by users, which was in a nutshell what caused Napster’s demise. (Skolnik 1) Here’s what the DMCA did do – it placed more restrictions on â€Å"fair use† of a copyrighted product. Fair use is â€Å"the principle that the public is entitled, without having to ask permission, to use copyrighted works in ways that do not unduly interfere with the copyright owner’s market for a work† (Von Lohmann). For example, it is presently within a person’s fair use rights to trade in or sell that DVD to a store for resale. But according to curre nt interpretations of DMCA, it is not within fair use for the person to use software to extract the electronic information from that DVD and convert the files so the movie can be played on an iPod – even if the person it only doing this for personal use and not with any intention of sharing the file. (Von Lohmann) As one critic of the DMCA puts it, â€Å"Photocopiers, VCRs, and CD-R burners can also be misused, but no one would suggest that the public give them up simply because they might be used by others to break the law†

Fatigue in Adolescents with Cancer Literature review

Fatigue in Adolescents with Cancer - Literature review Example t which the literature highlights for adolescents surviving chronic cancers – tuberculosis, Melanoma, Leukemia, or Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (Carroll, 2010). According to the contemporary medical research, the chances of adolescent survival in cancers by psychological treatments have increased, due which the activities regarding understanding the psychological concepts â€Å"quality of life† have increased too (Kelly, 2008). The medical practitioners for bringing up the effective care have come along to understand adolescents’ psychosocial consequences in-relation to the quality of life for surviving the cancer (Kelly, 2008). This is to give a close understanding on the concept of QoL which significantly relates to the adolescents’ survivorship pattern (Elizabeth, 2011). Meanwhile, the other majority of the practitioners are on the basic treatment procedures. They are concerned about the reduction of pain, difficulty and physiological fatigue which a cancer pat ient normally carries (Eilertsen et al., 2012). The contemporary literature of medicines gives a subjective explanation about adolescents’ the quality of life in cancer. There is no specific or clear definition about the concept, therefore the literature sticks to give broad and subjective explanation about the concept of the quality of life (Gibson, 2003). From a broad view, QoL can be classified in two types, psychological QoL and physiological QoL (Eilertsen et al., 2012). In this way, the literature uncovers two basic classifications which indicate that when an adolescent is in the survivorship period, it has both psychological and physiological fatigues affecting his or her psychological and physiological qualities of life (Eilertsen et al., 2012). Cancer fatigue relates to the quality of life. It has a... This paper stresses that adolescents having cancer abide in the poor quality of life situation, as they are continuously intervened by most serious and severe disease – cancer. World Health Organization describes quality of life as a psychological situation in which the person is happy, satisfied and socially active. QoL is one psychological concept that relates to adolescents’ psychological and social life behaviors. In this way, the literature uncovers two basic classifications of QoL, which are psychological and physiological fatigues affecting patient’s psychological and physiological qualities of life. This report makes a concluison that in the modern research and understanding, there are different psychological affects which young cancer patients have during the survivorship. There are influences such as separation anxiety, depression, stress, and sometimes, fear and paranoia. It depends on adolescents’ cancer state and also on the coping capability that how the patient resists and restricts cancer at the time of development. The contemporary literature uncovers that there are late affects in adolescent cancer patients’ life, which changes their sociological setting. There are cases reported in which the social quality of life of children during cancer is highly affected. There are cases in which the young survivors face the problem in attaining â€Å"normalcy† as they are stuck in between living and surviving at the time of cancer development. The influences can be reduced, if each segment is doing well to bring the high in-depth support for the survivor in c ancer.

My hypothesis is How can nutrition help fight depression and boost Dissertation

My hypothesis is How can nutrition help fight depression and boost mood and the corrlation bewtween them - Dissertation Example The answers of above questionnaire reveal the fact that depression is a biochemical process, most of the people suffering with depression start to neglect their diet as a result the symptoms becomes severe. Most of them think that eating their favorite food or ice cream uplift their mood. Cases of depressions are increasing in U.K and USA and some time best medicines can’t cure properly. Why is it so? Researchers at Harvard University found that person with Vitamin B deficiency did not respond to the anti-depressant. This Vitamin is present in green leafy vegetables, grains and beans. If the diet rich in vegetables is taken, the chances of depression reduce. Moreover the cases of depression in USA are increasing rapidly then China. Again the factor behind this is nutrition, Chinese consume large amount of fish and fish like salmon and sardines are considered rich source of ‘Omega-3-fatty acids’. This fatty acid is consumed by the brain to stays healthy. It is scie ntifically proved fact that brain uses its energy requirements from blood glucose. If the glucose level is not balanced, the person is likely to suffer with apathy, depression. Certain amino acids are required for production of serotonin that influences mood, and adrenalin, dopamine that influence motivation. Salmon, tuna, snapper, shrimps soya bean n turkey are rich sources of tryptophan.

The Development of Civilization Essay Example for Free

The Development of Civilization Essay The focal point of this paper is to provide an introduction to The Great Gatsby by the noted American author of the post first world war era F. Scott Fitzgerald. The Great Gatsby can be enumerated as a novel that is a landmark of American literature. This 240 page novel published in April 10, 1925 by the noted publisher of the time Charles Scribners Sons is an epic story set in the background of Long Island and New York City depicts the incidents of 1922 summer. According to Francis Scott Fitzgerald this novel is basically a chronicle of an era that could be enumerated as Jazz Age. (Lamb, 385, 3) The major concern of this paper would be directed towards itemizing the backdrop of the era that the novel is set in. Alongside it would be analyzed how the background and bringing up of the author Francis Scott Fitzgerald influenced the setting and texture of the novel The Great Gatsby. It would also place a well documented approach towards the application of philosophy of the era and the insights of the characters pursuing the ‘American Dream’ with their social and emotional perspectives. The paper would also may attention towards the economic boom of the 1920’s and possible outcome of this fiscal development of the entire nation on the psyche of the novel. Additional attention would also be placed on the Eighteenth Amendment that enforced the provision of alcohol consumption thereby enhancing black market trade and organized crime. It can be enumerated that this paper would result in a comprehensive analysis of the novel The Great Gatsby by the author Francis Scott Fitzgerald and it would yield results of measures taken in a different shades of colors. Reference: Lamb, Davis. Cult to Culture: The Development of Civilization on the Strategic Strata. National Book Trust. 2004.

The Souls of Black Folk Essay Example for Free

The Souls of Black Folk Essay W. E. B. Du Bois’ book entitled ‘The Souls of Black Folk’ talks about the color-line of citizens being the most common problem in the society. In a prophetical statement, he describes the society of the 20th century by putting emphasis on how it is to be free, what are the corresponding effects, as well as the social responsibilities that the leaders carry in their society. He states that problems of the society in the 20th century refer to problems of the color line (Du Bois 1). In an effort to interpret the spiritual world of the ten thousand people that live in the dawn of the 20th century, Du Bois refers to ‘emancipation’ as the root cause of people rising in personal leadership, creating two worlds that are within and without the Veil, with the effect of making way to train men for life. This paper revolves around the advance of the society in terms of color and black peasantry. Plunging deeper within the Veil, Du Bois reflected the true nature of the black society—its religion, struggle, passion and sorrow. As Du Bois stated, â€Å"The history of the American Negro is the history of this strife,this longing to attain self-conscious manhood, to merge his double self into a better and truer self† (4). To end this strife, the black folk have to merge with the society and be a co-worker in a culture where no color lingers in the soul. Main Body According to the prophecy of Du Bois, the first decade of the 20th century would be filled with the black society searching the true sense of freedom in the true world—the emergence of war, terror, lies, disorganization, and contradiction†¦ for the sake of freedom that has not been sought. Du Bois stated, â€Å"The problem of the twentieth century is the problem of the color-line,the relation of the darker to the lighter races of men in Asia and Africa, in America and the islands of the sea† (9). Slaves, refugees, and fugitives of war sent organizations into sending clothes, money, books, and teachers, usually to the black societies that were nearly destitute brought by famine and war. Despite temporal relief, the crisis included a labor problem that multiplied and affected vast dimensions in the societies, which led to the cultivation through systems of control. This brought great relief, as the war finally led to their liberty—an order and a system apt for the development of bureau set for â€Å"improvement, protection, and employment of refugee freedmen† (12). From a state of forced labor, black folks were emancipated to a new state of industry that brought the picture of black workers to a new dimension of industrial privilege. It was totally not the worst type of slavery in the world, but it was capable of totally deserting the rights of the black men†¦ putting them under the same classification of the ox and the animals. Despite the fact that they fought with their soul for the liberty that was barred by the system of slavery—in great masses that almost terrified the political system—the black folks fought for freedom with a cry†¦ dividing the two classes and driving them away from chains. The general system and local organization of these folks, however, had led to two basic problems that are the following: first, the abandoned lands of the South, which rapidly melted away from the hands of the Freedmen’s Bureau; and second, the complexity of perfecting the local organization with significantly wide fields of work (Du Bois 15). By 1866, the basic step was to finalize a step that extended the Bureau, authorized additional commissioners, maintained army officers, and sold forfeited lands on merely nominal terms (17). Having to dominate and manage the government of the so-called ‘unreconstructed’ South, the Freedmen’s Bureau became what Du Bois stated as â€Å"a full-fledged government of men† (17). However, as Du Bois stated, In the work of establishing the Negroes as peasant propri-etors, the Bureau was from the first handicapped and at last absolutely checked. Something was done, and larger things were planned; abandoned lands were leased so long as they remained in the hands of the Bureau, and a total revenue of nearly half a million dollars derived from black tenants. (19) Salvation came when the Freedmen’s Bank made a huge step in the development of the social individuality and stance of the Black Men. Despite the crash—when hard-earned dollars suddenly drifted away from the freedmen—the stabilization brought by the Freedmen’s Bank brought huge relief to the black folks of the society: The deeds of these rulers fall mainly under seven heads: the relief of physical suffering, the overseeing of the beginnings of free labor, the buying and selling of lad, the establishment of schools, the paying of bounties, the administration of justice, and the financiering of all these activities. (19) Conclusion From a life of total isolation from the more fortunate ‘colors’ of the society, the black folks learned the ABCs of being free, by combining the leaders’ faith and goodwill to the folks’ passion and love for freedom. By means of emancipation, the black folks awakened to a consciousness that brought joy and relief, which made slavery appear to be a myth. The 20th century was, indeed, a time of emancipation and great hunger for human rights, liberty, and democracy. Being the root cause of personal leadership, emancipation has, indeed, led to a society where the black folks rose to distinction and power, as it created one world that is without the Veil†¦ from a world within the Veil that prevented the cause of being in a world where the soul freely rises to a level where the soul reflects no color at all. Works Cited Du Bois, W. E. B. The Souls of Black Fold. Whitefish, MT: Kessinger Publishing, 2004.

Dr jekyll and mr hyde minor characters

Dr jekyll and mr hyde minor characters `Mr. Utterson is the narrator of the book, Utterson is a middle-aged lawyer, and a man in which all the characters confide throughout the novel. As an old friend of Jekyll, he recognizes the changes and strange occurrences of Jekyll and Hyde, and resolves to further investigate the relationship between the two men. He is perhaps the most circumspect, respected, and rational character in the book, and it is therefore significant that we view Hydes crimes and Jekylls hypocrisy through his observant, but generally sympathetic perspective. ` Dr. Lanyon, he is a famous doctor and Jekylls childhood friend. Also Mr. Uttersons close friend and he is the one who knows about Dr. Jekylls and Hydes secret. But how he knows that? Dr. Jekyll send a letter to Lanyon and in this letter there was some tasks to do for Lanyon for instance go my home, Poole will wait you with a carpenter and locksmith open my working rooms door, go inside, take the drawer that I told u where it is, go your home, wait for the man who I will send you at 12 o`clock and else Lanyon done whole of them and started to wait for the man that Jekyll will sent him. At 12 o`clock man is came they went inside of Lanyon`s house together Lanyon gave him the drawer and the man took some liquid and little drug dust he mixed both of them a green color appeared in tube that he use for mix them than he drunk it . What happened to the men, he changed to Jekyll. By this event Lanyon knew the secret between Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Mr. Enfield , Mr. Utterson`s relative and was a famous person in London. They were always making Sunday walks. On one of this Sunday when they were walking Enfield asked Utterson about a house with a black dusty door. Then he started to narrate something about this house. In this event there was a men who called, Mr. Hyde , when he was walking in a street he crushed a girl and didn`t care about it and continued to walk in his way by girl`s screams people came out from their homes and they catches the Hyde than they thread him with something and they force him to pay money for girl`s family and then Hyde came this house and brought a cheque from inside but on cheque there was Dr. Jekyll`s name on it and Enfield , other suspect from Hyde and they slept together with Hyde in one hotel. After day they went to bank and changed cheque to money. Also Enfield related the details about Mr. Hyde. Then they decided to dont talk about this again. Poole is the butler of Jekyll; he brings information about Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde also their unbelievable relation. One night when Mr. Utterson was sitting in this table and drinking his wine Poole is came they sat and talked about Dr. Jekyll. Poole told about what is going on in Jekyll house. He told that he never saw Dr. Jekyll face during a week, like he said Dr. Jekyll was sitting in his room without going outside and telling Poole that some drugs that Poole should buy from pharmacy and every time when Poole buys the drugs Jekyll told that this is not real go and find me the real one price is not important. And like Poole says Jellys hand writing, his voice and something else changed on him. He hoped that someone killed Jeklly and still hiding in his room. After Utterson and Poole went to Jeklly`s home and they broke the door of Jeklly`s working room and at that moment they saw the Hyde`s unloving body on the ground with a empty bottle next to him. By that Poole helped Mr. Utter son to solve the secret between Dr. Jeklly and Hyde. Carew, a well-known member of Parliament who is murdered by Hyde 2 . Carew was a famous man in London, the book. Hyde killed him by a hard stick in the middle of a street next to river. It was a misty night with fully silent street in London. There was a woman who was cleaning lady in one house she was looking outside from the window her seeing the Hyde when he was beating Carew with the stick. Then suddenly she faint against this terrible situation happening in street. When she gets up, she went to police to explain everything that she saw. When police came to the place that crime happened Hyde was disappeared but there were some pieces of stick that Hyde killed Carew with. From Carew`s pocket police found a letter headed by MR. UTTERSON. In the early morning police went Utterson`s house and when Utterson heard the Hyde`s name she was almost going to be crazy. Utterson helped to police for find Hyde they went Hyde`s house but Hyde wasnt at home a women opened the door police and Utterson went in and they found a stick piece which was the same type of stick that police found in the crime street. And a cheque book which was in the chimney half burned book. Than police start waited for Hyde to go bank and try to change cheque to money†¦ Conclusion: In the essay Mr. Enfield was Utterson`s relation and the starting point of Hyde search from Utterson`s side. Dr. Lanyon was the men who knows Jeklly`s and Hyde`s secret and due to this he killed by Hyde. Poole was the butter of Jeklly and helped Utterson for the solve the secret by[ they couldnt understand anything by the way.] bring information about Jeklly`s situation at that moment and house. Carew was the man who murdered by Hyde. References : Dr. Jeklly and Mr. hyde [book]/2 www.Sparknotes.com/1

Discussing two or three Poems in Detail, Explain how you think Heaney :: English Literature

Discussing two or three Poems in Detail, Explain how you think Heaney Develops our Understanding of the Nature of Humanity and Existence through Poetry In this essay I will discuss the poems Digging, Wheels within Wheels and Toome. I will explain how Heaney develops our understanding of humanity and existence through the poems mentioned above. Heaney mainly uses poetic techniques to express and expand our understanding of the nature of existence and humanity. The ideas in Digging concern relationships to ancestors, and to work. Heaney describes his relationship to his father and grandfather purely in terms of their work on the land. He takes the idea of digging, the commonest form of work in any rural community, and uses it as a symbol for productive, creative work in general, and for writing in particular. The idea in Wheels within Wheels are about life in the metaphor of a wheel. Toome is about the bog type land and the past. I think Heaney develops our understanding of the nature of humanity by bringing the theme of relationships on the farm into this poem. Heaney's father has great skill when it comes to digging, "levered firmly. This shows the reader that country life is not all easy, and even to work on a farm, you need to have quite a lot of skill. The images produced by these words are very effective because they give the reader a picture of a man who is not only digging, but doing it with immense skill, which is not something which we usually associate with a job like that. This helps us understand why Heaney has chosen to talk about his past and digging. The continuation of farming from Heaney's grandfather, to Heaney's father, "the old man could handle a spade. Just like his old man" shows the reader that country life is very family orientated, and professions are often carried down from father to son. The images of Heaney's father being taught to dig by his father are very powerful and effective, because they show the reader the strong bonds between humanity on a farm, and that human nature has not changed. The last line, "The squat pen rests. I'll dig with it." shows that in the country, it is often expected that people like Heaney will follow in their father's footsteps, but Heaney is seen here to choose to be a writer. The image of Heaney digging out his memories with pen are very effective because the reader can visualise the likeness between poetry and farming. Heaney uses alliterative language to go back to the roots of time and human

The Ghost of King Hamlet Essay -- GCSE English Literature Coursework

The Ghost of King Hamlet      Ã‚   Many Shakespeare plays contain ghosts, perhaps most notably and most disturbingly in Macbeth and Hamlet. The ghost in Hamlet is the apparition of prince Hamlet's father, the dead King Hamlet.   However, up until the time when the ghost first appears to Hamlet, interrupting his speech and thoughts, it appears Hamlet is unaware that his father was murdered.   As the ghost intones, "I am thy father's spirit, / Doomed for a certain term to walk the night, / And for the day confined to fast in fires, / Till the foul crimes done in my days of nature / Are burnt and purged away" (Shakespeare I.v.9-13).   While more people in Shakespeare's audience were inclined to believe in the supernatural and fantastic, it is likely the appearance of the slain King still has quite an impact on modern audiences.   This is because the ghost of King Hamlet tells his son he was murdered and his murder must be avenged for him to rest in peace. We see that the ghost is a driving force for Hamlet on his way to conscious maturity.   There is something rotten in the State of Denmark but the something rotten exists in all places and in all people.   Anyone with intellect and a conscience would not tolerate it, as Hamlet does not by willfully going into a battle at the end of the play wherein he knows he will be killed.   Further, the ghost is just one more thing Hamlet must escape on the way to his mature self.   As Harold Bloom, noted Shakespearian critic, notes about this sea-change in Hamlet's character and its relation to the ghost, "In Act V, Hamlet is barely still in the play; like Whitman's 'real me' or 'me myself' the final Hamlet is both in and out of the game while watching and wondering at it.   We feel that if the Ghos... ... "Why, what should be the fear? / I do not set my life in a pin's fee; / And for my soul, what can it do to that, / Being a thing immortal as itself? / It waves me forth again: I'll follow it" (Shakespeare I.iv.151-55).   Hamlet will indeed follow the Ghost and it will cost him his life, but he retains his soul because he is of the constitution that cannot tolerate something "rotten" in Denmark or mankind.   Thus, we see that the Ghost creates a tremendous impact on audiences because of its great emotional significance in the play and in setting off the wheels of motion that seal Hamlet's tragic fate.    WORKS   CITED Anonymous.   The Ghost of Hamlet's Father.   Available: Bloom, H.   Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human.   New York; Riverhead Books, 1998. Shakespeare, W.   The Complete Works of William Shakespeare.   New York, Oxford Univ. Press, 1978. The Ghost of King Hamlet Essay -- GCSE English Literature Coursework The Ghost of King Hamlet      Ã‚   Many Shakespeare plays contain ghosts, perhaps most notably and most disturbingly in Macbeth and Hamlet. The ghost in Hamlet is the apparition of prince Hamlet's father, the dead King Hamlet.   However, up until the time when the ghost first appears to Hamlet, interrupting his speech and thoughts, it appears Hamlet is unaware that his father was murdered.   As the ghost intones, "I am thy father's spirit, / Doomed for a certain term to walk the night, / And for the day confined to fast in fires, / Till the foul crimes done in my days of nature / Are burnt and purged away" (Shakespeare I.v.9-13).   While more people in Shakespeare's audience were inclined to believe in the supernatural and fantastic, it is likely the appearance of the slain King still has quite an impact on modern audiences.   This is because the ghost of King Hamlet tells his son he was murdered and his murder must be avenged for him to rest in peace. We see that the ghost is a driving force for Hamlet on his way to conscious maturity.   There is something rotten in the State of Denmark but the something rotten exists in all places and in all people.   Anyone with intellect and a conscience would not tolerate it, as Hamlet does not by willfully going into a battle at the end of the play wherein he knows he will be killed.   Further, the ghost is just one more thing Hamlet must escape on the way to his mature self.   As Harold Bloom, noted Shakespearian critic, notes about this sea-change in Hamlet's character and its relation to the ghost, "In Act V, Hamlet is barely still in the play; like Whitman's 'real me' or 'me myself' the final Hamlet is both in and out of the game while watching and wondering at it.   We feel that if the Ghos... ... "Why, what should be the fear? / I do not set my life in a pin's fee; / And for my soul, what can it do to that, / Being a thing immortal as itself? / It waves me forth again: I'll follow it" (Shakespeare I.iv.151-55).   Hamlet will indeed follow the Ghost and it will cost him his life, but he retains his soul because he is of the constitution that cannot tolerate something "rotten" in Denmark or mankind.   Thus, we see that the Ghost creates a tremendous impact on audiences because of its great emotional significance in the play and in setting off the wheels of motion that seal Hamlet's tragic fate.    WORKS   CITED Anonymous.   The Ghost of Hamlet's Father.   Available: Bloom, H.   Shakespeare: The Invention of the Human.   New York; Riverhead Books, 1998. Shakespeare, W.   The Complete Works of William Shakespeare.   New York, Oxford Univ. Press, 1978.

Leonard Peltier Should be Released from Prison Essay -- Argumentative

Leonard Peltier is currently serving time in the Leavenworth federal penitentiary for the shooting deaths of two Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) agents. According to FBI documents, at around 11:50 A.M. on June 26th, 1975, agents Jack Color and Ron Williams were supposedly searching for Jimmy Eagle, a thief wanted for stealing a pair of cowboy boots. The agents encroached on the Jumping Bull Compound in Oglala, South Dakota of the Pine Ridge reservation, in two separate vehicles that no one could recognize (Incident). In this area, there were several members of the American Indian Movement (AIM). After the intrusion of the agents, someone-and it is unsure who-fired a shot and a shoot out began. By the end of the shoot out at Pine Ridge, Williams, Color, and one AIM activist, Joe Stuntz Killsright, were dead (Incident). Peltier was one of the AIM members at the Jumping Bull Compound, and ultimately he was charged and convicted on murder charges. There is a great controversy surr ounding the Peltier case. A large contingency of both domestic and international citizens and organizations feel that Peltier has been wrongly convicted, while the Federal Bureau of Investigation and other government authorities here feel as justice was served. Leonard Peltier should be released from prison via Executive Clemency because the evidence that he was convicted under was inconclusive and insufficient to warrant a conviction, the FBI committed many acts of misconduct when pursuing Peltier as fugitive and trying to extradite him from Canada, and his trial was unfair. As an individual committed to social justice, human solidarity, and the liberation of the people, this case is of great interest to me since it is a prime example of the ri... ...ight be lying or covering up something, or even just being far too zealous and unprofessional, is rejected a priori because of the cognitive dissonance it causes in the individual that believes in the FBI. Most people that push for Peltier's guilt simply don't look honestly and objectively (or at least as objectively as possible) at the evidence. Leonard Peltier, currently serving his twenty- fourth year of prison, should be immediately released. As I have shown, there is much reasonable doubt as to whether or not he committed this crime. The hard evidence is minimal to non-existent against him, he was illegally extradited from Canada on perjured affidavits, and his trial was unfair since it was in a hostile setting and the actions of the court seemed biased. While there is no good reason to keep him in prison, there are several good ones for letting him out. Leonard Peltier Should be Released from Prison Essay -- Argumentative Leonard Peltier is currently serving time in the Leavenworth federal penitentiary for the shooting deaths of two Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) agents. According to FBI documents, at around 11:50 A.M. on June 26th, 1975, agents Jack Color and Ron Williams were supposedly searching for Jimmy Eagle, a thief wanted for stealing a pair of cowboy boots. The agents encroached on the Jumping Bull Compound in Oglala, South Dakota of the Pine Ridge reservation, in two separate vehicles that no one could recognize (Incident). In this area, there were several members of the American Indian Movement (AIM). After the intrusion of the agents, someone-and it is unsure who-fired a shot and a shoot out began. By the end of the shoot out at Pine Ridge, Williams, Color, and one AIM activist, Joe Stuntz Killsright, were dead (Incident). Peltier was one of the AIM members at the Jumping Bull Compound, and ultimately he was charged and convicted on murder charges. There is a great controversy surr ounding the Peltier case. A large contingency of both domestic and international citizens and organizations feel that Peltier has been wrongly convicted, while the Federal Bureau of Investigation and other government authorities here feel as justice was served. Leonard Peltier should be released from prison via Executive Clemency because the evidence that he was convicted under was inconclusive and insufficient to warrant a conviction, the FBI committed many acts of misconduct when pursuing Peltier as fugitive and trying to extradite him from Canada, and his trial was unfair. As an individual committed to social justice, human solidarity, and the liberation of the people, this case is of great interest to me since it is a prime example of the ri... ...ight be lying or covering up something, or even just being far too zealous and unprofessional, is rejected a priori because of the cognitive dissonance it causes in the individual that believes in the FBI. Most people that push for Peltier's guilt simply don't look honestly and objectively (or at least as objectively as possible) at the evidence. Leonard Peltier, currently serving his twenty- fourth year of prison, should be immediately released. As I have shown, there is much reasonable doubt as to whether or not he committed this crime. The hard evidence is minimal to non-existent against him, he was illegally extradited from Canada on perjured affidavits, and his trial was unfair since it was in a hostile setting and the actions of the court seemed biased. While there is no good reason to keep him in prison, there are several good ones for letting him out.

Arguments For ‘Invitation To Treat And An Offer’

The English Law on the formation of contracts generally requires there to be an offer and a matching acceptance. The offer must set out and refer to the object for sale and all the important terms of the contract. The acceptance must indicate agreement to all the terms of contract. If it does not do so, the acceptance will be regarded as a counter-offer which is capable of rejecting the original offer, thereby making it incapable of acceptance later (Hyde v Wrench (1840) CC 49 ER 132).There are two offers, the one made by Susan through the advertisement on the 1st of March and that of Alice in response to the initial offer on the 27th of March that amounted to a counter-offer. There is also the issue of the application of the postal rule and its limitations in the case of Tahir, the issue of instantaneous communications and when the revocation of an offer becomes effective in the case of Emma and its rules.In Tahir’s case, the letter and enclosed Cheque he sent on the 27th of March would have been the most preferable choice of acceptance because the general postal rule would have applied easily which allows the effectiveness of a posted acceptance to start right from when it was posted, so as to enhance the effectiveness of businesses, if they can start working farther on the assumption that there is a binding contract between both parties as in Adams v Lindsell (1818).But, the fact that Susan defined the terms of the contract by stating the modes of acceptance and payment that was acceptable, which does not include a letter or a cheque makes the postal rule ineffective on Tahir’s letter, as it is unacceptable. Although, sending a letter as a form of acceptance was reasonable; there is no binding contract between Susan and Tahir because of the definition of terms and conditions of the offer. 2 Alice’s letter on the 27th of March is a counter-offer which is capable of rejecting the original offer.If Alice had not altered the terms of the off er, which resulted in an offer of her own, The letter would have been an acceptance, and the usual rule when a letter of acceptance is sent in reply to an offer is that the acceptance takes effect on posting, ensuring there is a binding contract. However, this postal rule has no application here, since; the case of Holwell securities v Hughes (1974) makes it clear that the rule can be avoided by a specific request in the terms of the offer according to LAWTON L. J â€Å"Now in this case, the â€Å"notice in writing† was to be one â€Å"to the intending vendor.†It was to be an intimation to him that the grantee had exercised the option: he was the one who was to be fixed with the information contained in the writing. He never was, because the letter carrying the information went astray. The plaintiffs were unable to do what the agreement said they were to do, namely, fix the defendant with knowledge that they had decided to buy his property. If this construction of the option clause is correct, there is no room for the application of any rule of law relating to the acceptance of offers by posting letters since the option agreement stipulated what had to be done to exercise the option.On this ground alone I would dismiss the appeal†. Considering, the email Alice sent on the 28th of March, which would have been the most suitable form of acceptance as at that time, although it was sent on Friday, it was out of office hours and so Susan is unable to read it, therefore the acceptance was not communicated as the instantaneous communications rules requires as in Entores v Miles East Corp. It is generally agreed that the instantaneous communications will cover the email, and so the time of communication, rather than the time of sending, is the relevant time.Applying this rule to Alice’s email, the email has no effect because as at the time it was communicated the offer was no longer capable of acceptance. Alice has no binding contract with S usan because her letter was a counter-offer and the email was communicated when the offer was already withdrawn. The case law on revocation of offers establishes that offers can be withdrawn at any time prior to acceptance (Payne v Cave (1789)), provided that the withdrawal is communicated to the offeree.The latter point is reinforced by the decision in Byrne v Van Tienhoven (1880), which concerns the revocation of an offer by telegram. Applying this to the dealings of Emma and Susan, If Susan received Emma’s email before the revocation was published in the papers, the revocation will be ineffective, and there will be a binding contract. This assumes, however, that the advert is deemed to be  communicated to Emma as soon as it was published and available to read on the 29th of March, because the information in the advert is sufficient notification to Emma that Susan has withdrawn the offer.Although, Emma may want to argue that the offer was open until the 31st of March, the refore they have a binding contract. This is not so, using the case of Routledge v Grant (1828), in which it was held that a promise of this kind will not generally be binding. The reason is that the promise will generally not have provided any consideration for the promise.If Susan had been given any amount of money or valuable in return for keeping the offer open until the 31st of march, then consideration would have been provided, and she would be bounded to her promise but in the absence of such she is free to withdraw the offer anytime. Therefore, Emma’s email has no effect because, she bears the responsibility of reading the revocation in the paper as Susan has taken the most reasonable form of communicating the revocation in this case. In conclusion, there is no binding contract between Susan and the other parties.

Unemployment Problem in Bangladesh

Date February 15, 2013 Dr. Mahbub Sarfaraj subdivision of Management Kabi Nazrul Govt. college Dhaka Subject resignation of Term Paper . Dear sir, It is a heavy(p) pleasure and privilege the stipulation titled Imp answer up Of globalization In Economic addition . I learn re for each one(prenominal)y enjoyed to prepargon this report. I function this report enrich my fellowship on violation of globalization in sparing ingathering . in that location may be around slip I telephone this mistake in the report pull up stakes be kindly exc utilise. With Thanks and top hat regards Sincerely Yours, Marium Akter cheat Number 961 42 78 adaption Number 165 23 59 De diement of Management Kabi Nazrul Govt. collage school-age childs Declaration I herewith decl atomic dig 18 that the report of ratiocinationpoint cover namely daze of Globalization in Economic Growth by me a comprehensive arrest of the Impact of Globalization of Economic Growth . I in addition declargon that this paper is my sure gained and wide-awake for academic pur be last which is explode of B. B. A. Marium Akter graze Number 961 42 78 readjustment Number 165 23 59 Department of Management Kabi Nazrul Govt. Collage supervisors DeclarationI hereby decl atomic follow 18 that the bear on report entitled The impact of globalization in the sparing harvest-time original deed by Marium Akter a savant of BBA (Hons. ), Department of Management , Kabi Nazrul Govt. College , has completed depot paper under my supervision and submitted for the uncomplete fulfillment of the requirement of B. B. A at Kabi Nazrul Govt. College. . Dr. Mahbub Sarfaraj lector Department of Management Kabi Nazrul Govt. college decision maker Summary after employmenting the supposed concepts of topic, understanding its practical implication and screening is the next step in the call for process. n the process writing this paper , I came to k this instant ab emerge distinct aspects of export as well as the Saudi Arabian market that I fork over explored with the light of my little knowledge . I drive chosen Un go paradox in Bangladesh to complete my project on. Bangladesh is toil few to develop un avocation sphere of influence is one of the around promising one in this process. It ordain reflexion competition at that place just it has come distinctive qualities which provide face domiciliate it to establish itself as a prime field. However, after all this pitying being ,I believe e real(prenominal)one is non beyond terminal point .There might flip line of works regarding overleaps and limitation in near aspect and overly some minor mistake much(prenominal) as syntax error or typing mistake or lack of limitation please pardon for that mistake . Md. Rasel Roll Number 961 42 77 Registration Number 165 23 58 Department of Management Kabi Nazrul Govt. Collage T up to(p) of Content Letter of transmittal01 schoolchilds Declaration02 Supervisors Dec laration03 executive director Summary04 Introduction05 heading10 The Nature11 Impact 12 Causes 14 Extent17 display case 19 morphological Un avocation 19 frictional Unemployment 19 Cyclical Unemployment 19Seasonal Unemployment 20 affirmable solution to unemployment 20 goal 21 Bibliography22 Unemployment Problem in Bangladesh Introduction Unemployment is a great problem in Bangladesh. some(prenominal) division hundreds of thousands students argon coming pop out from college and University. though it is one of the study debt instrument of the brass to provide labor to those three-year-old contemporaries neverthe slight the regime is failed to litigate the job submit among the large macrocosm. lonesome(prenominal) a tiny fr military action of thorough jobless(prenominal) in managed by divergent pre typefa centimeial term official and sequestered governance but a majority move on unemployment.Historically for a keen-sighted time British nerve was the bri ny condition of this problem. After ending Mughol regime when the British came in sub continent (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh)They started to do bank line ,They exploited the sub-continent. They did not establish all diligence which is useful to mop up unemployment problem. Though some Industry was made but all them were placed in Indian Territory. So Bangladesh region was neglected from the British period. After ending British eclipse in 1947 Pakistan adopted the equivalent draw rein they establish all kinds of Industry in watt Pakistan not in atomic calculate 99 Pakistan .As a top of Pakistani monopoly radiation diagram we saw the freedom fighting fight in 1971. After nine month continuous war it is divided and named eastern United States Pakistan as a Bangladesh. After 1971 Bangladesh has been approach policy- make crisis badly. As a dissolvent no regime loafer not take extensive term broad step to bow out the unemployment problem. Within 41 age Banglades h has experience nearly cardinal new regime and 2 black chawion Incident at the top aim expanse leader. So now semipolitical crisis is one of the major causes of unemployment problems. Among other two major parties BNP and Aowamileague ar busy to understand tho(prenominal) political agency.None of these parties atomic number 18 essay to do any social occasion to solve the sylvans major problems Unemployment problems. Many Asian culture countries atomic number 18 the bright ex abundant in the commonwealth who is roaring to remove the unemployment problem successfully. Korea, Malaysia, Singapore are the news of them, They are growing rapidly because there is no political crisis, authorities assured the unconnected Investor to the highest phase political dollar mark surroundings. So many American, European and Japanese gild are droping those regions spontaneously. AS a result they are development real fast. Bangladesh Government and political leader s hould sneer from those Asian countries.Recent posture and activities of political parties are actually hateful to the common raft. By election if a party goes to power and thence other party cannot strike that, they do not go to parliament they do not express structural opinion in the parliament which is helpful for common lot . tho they should not do it. May be there is some discrimination of the election result but there are boilersuit acceptation for the common lot. To think well-nigh greater welfare of the rural area they should book patient, they should support the government to take long term step to remove unemployment problems.If we adopt towards Japan, Korea, Malaysia what we leave behind see? Due to industrialisation they hand changed a look at. Without industrialization no nation can forebode substantive economic basement and solution of unemployment problems. governmental settlement the first and forecast thing for Bangladesh is, to material body u p industry to remove the unemployment problem. If they can assure the political clam and stable situation, then foreigner go a elbow room to come invest manufacturing sector to skeletal frame new industry. In this respect transportation, roadway and Highway, Electrimetropolis should be reconstructed powerfully otherwise all(prenominal)thing pull up stakes be failed.Specially railroad car and Electronics industry are the major items to come out a countrys general financial condition. Most of money is fagged in this two sector. Lot of population can be diligent in these industry. Because by surrounding a locomote or electronics industry hundreds supporting some industry will be build up. As result a allot of plurality will be employed. In this respect the Government should adopt a strong and strict policy about used car establishing automobile industry they should ban import of all used car. Used car is import is destroying the environment and employment opportunity.To intensify the overall industrialization our Ambassadors who are employed in contrary countries specially Japan, Korea,Malaysia and Singapora can help the government to adopt strong ensnareive ,active successful police. Because are well known with those countries environment. Government and spate they suffer practical and unspoiled felling about the development policy in una comparable sector of the respective country. We book already wasted a lot of time. We dont indirect request to eff as the poorest and neglected nation in the earthly concern. We want our economic growth ,our honor. We have a lot of work line lot of money in the bank. provided delinquent to puritanical utilization and straitlaced computer programning we are staying in back. In this regard political leader, Intellectual industrialist, planner Ambassador, T for each oneer, Student and mig lay outd generation in overseas should contribute hit the economic progress. If we can take proper steps to obtai n our economic growth, then we can remove our unemployment problem. God says if you want to love me try to love people first. If you believe in God you have to love people. Ask yourself according your index an responsibility how much has you done to help country? 80% the people are living in shoesspun.After a long struggle a village parents give lessons his children helped them to grownup. They help them to gain college and University degree. Rest responsibleness is yours that is Government. Yes it is Government duty to provide job for our unfledged generation. It is fundamental duty of a government to solve the problem of Unemployment. Objective The rice of unemployment, as has been reported to be case in Bangladesh under a fresh study that was prepared by the intend commission for finding out the progress made by the country under the millennium Development goals (MDGs) take by mental act of the United Nation, is a worrisome development.The vagabond of unemployment in B angladesh, according to the study, has now uprise to some 11 per cent from what was part 8. 0 percent in 2002 and 204 percent in 1990. This is only official data. The loose but trusty estimates of unemployment are higher. commerce creation needs to be a in truth in-chief(postnominal) objective in every delivery for the simple reasons that unemployment persons pose a burden at every economy for the simple aim in society. First of all, they are burdens for their families. Unemployment young ones in line to work and not finding work are a source of harassment for their families.Family resources are drained on the aliment of slothful young persons. In the overall economic sense, unemployment people are liabilities for te economy because they do not make grow only consume. race who do jobs unremarkably levy something or discharge a service and obtain an income in return for their economic activities. Thus, twain unemployment and its milder fig, underemployment, meanin g less than optimum engagement in work, are highly undesirable for the economy and society. drill means incomes and it is an no way mathematical to alleviate privation without creating income-earning opportunities or jobs for those stick unemployment.It is, therefore, extremely all important(predicate) to put the superior idiom on maximizing employment opportunities finished meaningful operationalisation of the scheme for poverty alleviation and sustainable development. For this, the government must conform to practical policies to give a stimulus to much greater enthronisation in the economy so that to a greater extent jobs can be mictu lay outd on a regular basis. The domestic economy may not expand, in the short run, fitting and proportionality to provide jobs to the rising shape of unemployed people.It, thus, serves the countrys intention if efforts are made at same time to send people abroad with jobs. In the latter case, the benefits can be multiple. The pressu re of the unemployment ones for jobs eases, foreign currencies are remitted in support of the foreign currency fill-in and the country is besides spared the parasitic existence of people without jobs. Considering all this factors, the government should pursue more energetic policies to help create synergy so that more investment takes places within the economy, on one side and more people can in any case be sent abroad with stipendiary jobs, on the other.Providing cultivation at in everyday run training centre to impact effective training to young persons for jobs which have good demand abroad can be quite useful here, because the returns in remittances from acquisitioned wear out are good higher than unskilled one. For speeding up employment topical anaestheticly, action same making available training, advisory service, capital support and assistance to the countrys vast unemployment youth at grassroots level should merit a serious attention, in addition to other suppo rtive customary policies in areas of infrastructure faculties, investment-friendly regulatory reforms and so onTraining and assistance, are, of course, rattling for expending the scope for self-employment opportunities, particularly in the dairies and livestock, poultry breeding, growing of novel culture products for export, etc. The policy objective should be pro-active here particularly for encouraging the aim intebsive sectors to maximize employment. The Nature Unemployment means the earth of being without any work both for the educated and uneducated for earning ones livelihood. Unemployment problem has become a great concern all over the world. But nowhere in the world, this problem is so acute as in Bangladesh.Thousand of people in our country are without any job. Cause of unemployment Bangladesh, same other developing countries, suffer form large-scale mask unemployment in the sense that, even with unvarying techniques of verdant a large part of the population dili gent in unsophisticated could be removed without reducing rude output. Beyond floriculture, clothed unemployment similarly exists in large industries, offices and organization, particularly in the public sector. Unemployment among the educated youths is one of the major problems in Bangladesh.The unemployment pace for the population having vicarious security system level training and preceding(prenominal) is significantly higher than those with a lower level education, The unemployment run for educated women is higher compared to that for the manly population. In Bangladesh salaried/wage employment in the formal sector is not free full to take boot of the huge number of unemployment. utilisation promotion, specially , creation of opportunities, keeps as the most important function of the Bureau of Manpower Employment and Training, The Fifth Five-year plan for 1997-2002 had set a target of creating superfluous employment of 6. 5 one thousand thousand persons . of t his, a fit of 1,60,000 persons expect to be engaged in emphasis had been given on training and recognise support to women little entrepreneurs in cottage industries and other conventional and non-traditional sectors including skill development for service industries and non-farm activities. The private sector and nongovernmental organizationS are overly acting a resilient component to this end effect of unemployment problem. The efforts of verdant-urban migration in Bangladesh are analyse to identify a managenessship amidst migration and unemployment, Poverty, unemployment and natural hazards show up to be the main reasons for the rural exodus.The penchant for moving to a large metropolis is found to be determined by the urban influence in planning both field and supra study authorities, and by the public conveniences and resources available in the urban areas. An analytic thinking of the levels and trends in urbanization reveals the notable role of rural-urban migration in the rapid growth of the urban population. Most migrants are young, single anthropoids of running(a) age. A case study of migrants in Dhaka city illustrates the reasons for and consequences of migration. It is reason out that rural-urban migration is in general a survival strategy of rural poor. Impact gibe to a study of the international crusade Organization (ILO), the rate of growth of unemployment in Bangladesh was 1. 9 per cent in the ecstasy of the nineties. But the growth in unemployment forrader long is 3. 7 percent. The ILO Figures to a fault show Bangladesh in the twelfth invest among the top twenty dollar bill countries in the world where unemployment is rising . The number of the unemployed in Bangladesh now is estimated at 30 meg. The way the rate of unemployment is increasing, it is feared that at this rate unemployment would surge to some 60 one million million million by 2015. According to another estimate, every year some 2. million young per sons are becoming in line for jobs whereas only about 0. 7 million of them are acquire unemployment. The number of the cloaked unemployment and economic term meaning underemployment people or employed to a degree less than their potential, in some 32 per cent. The huge number of the unemployed and the underemployed in work take up gives an idea of the number of the parasitic ones in the population. Employed persons not only consume from the economy but they also contribute to the economy by means of production activities and discharge of divers(a) services.The unemployed people in contrast only live of the economy or their families and society. They are an absolute burden on the state. non only being liabilities in the economic sense, politically and socially they are considered to be a source of tension and turmoil. The gene linkage between unemployment and crimes is obvious. Therefore, all governments in Bangladesh will need to address the unemployment issue very seriously i ndeed before it turns worse. The recent floods and the devastating sidor storm plus the restructuring activities star to retrenchment of workers form state operated efforts, have added to the unemployment problems.Government will have to start up urgently distinct work programmers like road twist and repairs, reconstruction oh infrastructures, etc. specially in the rural areas and continue them for sometime, to migrate the worst woes of the jobless ones at the grass road level. But for the mediocre and longer terms, the present interim government which is doing path buy the farming works in vital areas, should also adopt a plan of action of tackle unemployment. It can start much(prenominal) a plan and leave deliberate implementation of it to successor government.Insufficient investment have been frustrating the creation of employment opportunities of Bangladesh. Government here needs to identify each of the factors that can contribute to a break out investment climate. The same would include returns of lawfulness and order, much lowering of the refer rate of borrowing, addition to and up step of infrastructures to be supportive of enterprising. Fiscal policies that create level playing fields for local entrepreneurs in relation to foreign competitors, monetary incentives much(prenominal) as tax reducing and tax exemption, etc.Government will need to act imaginatively and effectively in relation to each of the above factors and more to break the investment climate that in turn would accelerate economic activities and make the want impact on the unemployment situation. However, there is also need to be clear about the policies to be pursued to create employment. legitimate enterprise will absorb the unemployment. But capital intensive enterprise will employ a smaller number than get intensive ones which will clear employ a greater number. Thus, enterprise with motor intensive character should be identified and encouraged.Government can make a big contribution towards reducing unemployment by also building and operating a large number of training administration to train the jobless ones in different vacation for them to be fit enough to take up employment in the country, to go abroad of doing job or to engage in self-employment. Government ample spending for skill development is all more necessary because private sector more prefer not to invest in this area out of love of law profits. The high costs of skill training under the private sector is also likely to exclude most seekers of such training on the earth of their inability to pay for the training.Thus, Governments role of skill trainer is very important. But government can expect to recover the investment it will make in this area by receiving payments from people who would get jobs after such training. Causes Bangladesh, like other developing countries, suffers from large-scale disguised unemployment in the sense that, even with unvarying techniques of agric ulture a large part of the population engaged in agriculture could be removed without reducing agricultural output. Beyond agricultural, disguised unemployment is also vivacious in large industries, offices and organizations, particularly in the public sector.Unemployment among the educated youths is one of major problems in Bangladesh. The unemployment rate for the population having secondary school certificate level education and above is significantly higher then those with a lower level of education. The unemployment rate for educated woman is higher compared to that for male population. . In Bangladesh salaried/wage employment in the formal sector is not big enough to take distribute of the huge number of unemployment. Employment promotion, especially , creation of opportunities, continues as the most important function of the Bureau of ManpowerEmployment and Training, The Fifth Five-year plan for 1997-2002 had set a target of creating additional employment of 6. 35 million p ersons . of this, a supply of 1,60,000 persons expected to be engaged in emphasis had been given on training and credit support to women micro entrepreneurs in cottage industries and other traditional and non-traditional sectors including skill development for service industries and non-farm activities. The private sector and NGOS are also playing a vital role to this end unemployment problems. Effect of Unemployment problemsThe efforts of rural-urban migration in Bangladesh are analyzed to identify a relationship between migration and unemployment, Poverty, unemployment and natural hazards appear to be the main reasons for the rural exodus. The preference for moving to a large city is found to be determined by the urban bias in planning both national and international authorities, and by the public amenities and resources available in the urban areas. An analysis of the levels and trends in urbanization reveals the notable role of rural-urban migration in the rapid growth of the u rban population.Most migrants are young, unmarried males of working age. A case study of migrants in Dhaka city illustrates the reasons for and consequences of migration. It is concluded that rural-urban migration is mainly a survival strategy of rural poor. According to a study of the international Labour Organization (ILO), the rate of growth of unemployment in Bangladesh was 1. 9 per cent in the decade of the nineties. But the growth in unemployment currently is 3. 7 percent. The ILO Figures also show Bangladesh in the twelfth coif among the top twenty countries in the world where unemployment is rising .The number of the unemployed in Bangladesh now is estimated at 30 million. The way the rate of unemployment is increasing, it is feared that at this rate unemployment would soar to some 60 million by 2015. According to another estimate, every year some 2. 7 million young persons are becoming eligible for jobs whereas only about 0. 7 million of them are getting unemployment. The number of the disguised unemployment and economic term meaning underemployment people or employed to a degree less than their potential, in some 32 per cent.The total civilian labour powerfulness of the country in 1996-1997 was estimate at 42. 97 million, of which 34. 7 million were male and 8. 27 million were female. These figures, However excluded the female labour force engaged in activities like poultry, livestock, rice paddy husking, preservation of food etc conducted in rural households and considered as domestic work rather than economic. Since 2000, the U. S manufacturing sector has befogged nearly 25 percent of our total manufacturing men. Many of those jobs have gone to communistic china, where toys for the U.S market are made is sweatshops by workers paid as little as 36 cents per hour and many pink-collar jobs have gone to India where telephone operators hack be hired for $1 an hour. leash economists are becoming willing to admit that their devotion to free trade was misplaced. capital of Minnesota Samuelson, Nobel prize winning economist and a dominating figure in U. S economics decades, faced reality before he died and admitted, there is nothing in the theory that says trade is always a win-win for every group. Dr. Jerome coesis current book, America for sale, is a superb exposition to help the public understand our current economic woes.He shows that free trade is play America into a two-tiered country like many foreign countries, with few of the very rich and a lot of very poor, while the middle class loses big time. Extent According to a study of the international Labour Organization (ILO), the rate of growth of unemployment in Bangladesh was 1. 9 per cent in the decade of the nineties. But the growth in unemployment currently is 3. 7 percent. The ILO Figures also show Bangladesh in the twelfth position among the top twenty countries in the world where unemployment is rising. The number of the unemployed in Bangladesh now is estimat ed at 30 million.The way the rate of unemployment is increasing, it is feared that at this rate unemployment would soar to some 60 million by 2015. According to another estimate, every year some 2. 7 million young persons are becoming eligible for jobs whereas only about 0. 7 million of them are getting unemployment. The number of the disguised unemployment and economic term meaning underemployment people or employed to a degree less than their potential, in some 32 per cent. The total civilian labour force of the country in 1996-1997 was estimate at 42. 97 million, of which 34. 7 million were male and 8. 7 million were female. These figures, However excluded the female labour force engaged in activities like poultry, livestock, paddy husking, preservation of food etc conducted in rural households and considered as domestic work rather than economic. Index Mundi, a web found statistical data provider, the following twaddle has been published. This entry contains the percent of the labor force that is without jobs. Substantial underemployment might be noted. Bangladesh-Unemployment stray (%) Year Unemployment Rate 2000 35. 2 2001 35. 2 2002 35 2003 40 2004 40 2005 40 2006 2. 5 2007 2. 5 2008 2. 5 2009 2. 5 2010 5. 1 2011 4. 2012 4. 8 Types economic science break unemployment mess into three distinct varieties- structural, frictional and Seasonal. Below we will examine each type of unemployment to see how they differ. Structural Unemployment The color of Economics defines Structural Unemployment as Structural unemployment is an unemployment that comes form there being an absence of demand for workers that are available. There are two major reasons that cause of absence of demand for workers in a particular industry 1. transfigure in Technology. 2. Change in Tastes. Frictional unemployment The Glossary of Economics defines Frictional Unemployment as Frictional unemployment is unemployment that comes from people moving between jobs, careers an d location. seed of Frictional unemployment include the following 1. population entering the workforce from school. 2. hoi polloi re-entering the workforce after raising school. 3. People changing un-employers due to quitting or being fired. 4. People changing careers due to changing interest. 5. People moving to a new city and being unemployed when they arrive.Seasonal Unemployment Seasonal unemployment is unemployment due to change in the season-such as a lack of demand of department set up santa clauses in January. Seasonal unemployment is a form of structural unemployment, as the structure of the economy changes from month to month. Possible solution to unemployment In order to eliminate this problem. We have to call up all our energies to this grade purpose without west in time. The most essential ginmill industrialization. A large number of mills, factories in industries should be setup where money of our youths we get opportunity to work.A grade change should be brough t in our education system. More immensity should be given on professional, vocational and technological education. These will make a returning to work in different industrial sector both home abroad. The educated youth should change their attitude to life. They must learn to choose free lance carrier. They can start small business. In fact self employment in possible solution to this great problem. it is very effective to search jobs on various freelance. Web sites and get desired jobs comfortably.Step should be taken to setup property farming, cottage, industries and to open new system of public work to create a job for unemployment people. exportation manpower can solve this problem to a little extent. If proper measurement is taken this number can easily be increased. But no attempts will dear any fruit unless effect measure are taken to keep the population growth under control. Conclusion in the prime minister questions-answer school term on February 17, Prime minister s heikh Hasina disclosed in the house her governments plan to bring down unemployment rate to 15% from the existing 40% by the year 2021.She listed the programs that her government at already undertaken for employment generation to remove the cause of employment these include, imparting technical training to unemployment youths through 38 technical training centre, building 30 more technical training centre in this districts with no such centers and upgrading syllabus of 23 courses run by the manpower, employment and training bureau of international standards keeping in mind the demand of international recruiters. In the latest labour force survey (LFS) 2005-2006 published in 2008 of Bangladesh bureau statistics.The countries labour force (15 age+ population) stood at 84. 6 million. in the LFS of 2002-2003 it stood 80. 8 millions. The populations below the age of 15 years falls into the category of child population and can not as per law be treated as labour force. Even if we stick t o the 2005-2006 LFS figure of 84. 6 million. Secondly, according to the LFS 2005-2006 the yearly labor force growth rate for the period 2000-2003 to 2005-06 stood at 2. 21 percent which is higher than the annual population growth rate. Have we been able to increase job opportunities at the above growth rate of force.Thirdly, when the rate of unemployment in the united states is hovering around 10 % (9. 7 % in January,2010) The important of timely and reliable information can hardly be over-emphasized the basis for this information is nationally produce statistic. Statistic provide information or distinguish needed for the government daily administration and policy analysis in opine of what has been started above. It is high time to as authorized the correct rate unemployment in the country and it must be free from political bias in the generator national interest.Bibliography The Cause of unemployment (Written by Murtaza ali Page no 24, 25, 26) Text Sociology Written by farce fa yel ( page 13, 14) Unemployment- problem-is-a-great-concern-in Bangladesh (Written by Prof. Abdul Aziz Chapter -5, page 56, 57, 58. ) Unemployment-Problem in Bangladesh (Written by Prabir Ray page 9, 10, 11) http//www. oppaper. com/essays/the-causes-of-Unemployment/529084 http//bangladesh2day. com/newsfinance/2010/march/2/Ascertaining-unemployment-rate-php http//www. financialexpress-bd. com/search_index. php?Page=detail_news&news_id=23491 http//www. goarticles. com/article/unemployment-problem-in-Bangladesh/2784210/ A Term Paper On Impact of Globalization In Economic Growth Under The Guidance of and Supervision of Dr. Mahbub Sarfaraj Lecturer of Management Kabi Nazrul Govt. College Dhaka Submitted By Marium Akter Roll Number 961 42 78 Registration Number 165 23 59 Department of Management Kabi Nazrul Govt. Collage Kabi Nazrul Government College Dhaka Dhaka Kabi Nazrul Government College Dhaka, Bangladesh